Bronchial asthma is the common asthma which is an inflammatory disease of airways that causes periodic attacks of coughing, wheezing (whistling sound from chest), breathlessness, and even chest congestion.Signs and symptoms of bronchial asthma :
- Shortness of breath or breathlessness even when talking, laughing or walking a little.
- Tightness of chest
- Wheezing (whistling sound from chest, mostly when you lie down)
- Coughing and sometimes excessive cough which keeps one awake at night
Nursing Diagnosis for Bronchial Asthma: Knowledge Deficit: about the disease and treatment.
related to:
- Lack of information.
- Misinterpretation of information.
- The lack of repetition of information.
Possible evidenced by:
- Requests for disclosure of information.
- Statement to worry.
- Inaccuracies in following instructions.
- The occurrence of complications that can be prevented.
Long-term goal:
- Patient knowledge about things related to the illness increases.
Short-term goal:
- The patient expressed understanding of the condition / disease process and treatment.
- Patient identifying relationships signs / symptoms of the disease process and its relation to factor causes.
- Patients initiating lifestyle changes and participate in treatment measures.
Nursing Interventions:
- Explain / repeat the explanation of the disease process. Encourage patients and families to ask about things that are not clear.
- Explain the rationale of breathing exercises as a good practice to continue.
- Discuss respiratory medication use, side effects and reactions that may arise.
- Discuss the factors that can improve the patient's condition such as humidity, wind, temperature extreme environment, cigarette smoke, aerosol, air pollution.
- Provide information about the danger of smoking on the lungs and encourage patients not to smoke.
- Encourage the patient / family to explore ways to control the factors that cause can worsen the patient's condition in and around the home.
Rational:
- Lowers anxiety and can lead to improved participation in the treatment plan.
- Breath lips and breath abdominal / diaphragmatic breathing muscle strengthening, helps minimize small airway collapse, and gives individuals the sense to control dyspnea. Exercise increases the tolerance of the general condition improves tolerance activity, muscle strength and healthy taste.
- Patients often have a lot of respiratory medicine at the same time that have similar side effects and potential drug interactions pathological happen. It is important for patients to understand the difference between the side effects interfere (continued medication) and adverse events (drug may be changed / stopped).
- Environmental factors can aggravate / cause / left bronchial irritation causing increased production of secret and airway resistance.
- Cessation of smoking can prevent / reduce the severity of asthma.
- In order to minimize / mitigate the invasion of the factors that can cause the patient's condition worsens.
Evaluation Criteria.
- Patients and families expressed an understanding of the condition / disease processes and actions.
- Identify the relationship sign / symptom of the disease process and connect with the causes.
- Making changes to lifestyle and participating in treatment programs.